Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema in a Patient With Chronic Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a clinical syndrome of upper-zone–predominant emphysema on high-resolution CT and a peripheral and basal–predominant diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. Multiple occupational and inhalational exposures have been associated with CPFE. We describe a U.S. veteran, who developed CPFE after a prolonged, intense exposure to trichloroethylene as an aircraft maintenance worker. We believe that this may be another example of occupational-associated CPFE.