Cognitive and neuropsychological assessment of children with autism spectrum disorders

Three core features characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): impairment in socialization, impaired communication, and restrictive or repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities (1). Since early and intensive behavioral intervention is essential in the successful treatment of these disorders, early diagnosis is particularly crucial. The diagnosis of ASD is a multistep process, beginning with screening and followed by more comprehensive assessments (2). This full evaluation is necessary in order to rule out other disorders (such as verbal and nonverbal learning disabilities or organic brain disorder), and to guide treatment and educational planning. Full evaluations include, in addition to diagnosis, cognitive assessment, adaptive functioning assessment, and neuropsychological testing (e.g., memory, problem solving, planning, language, and visual-spatial reasoning).