TY - JOUR
T1 - CHRM2, Parental Monitoring, and Adolescent Externalizing Behavior
T2 - Evidence for Gene-Environment Interaction
AU - Dick, Danielle M.
AU - Meyers, Jacquelyn L.
AU - Latendresse, Shawn J.
AU - Creemers, Hanneke E.
AU - Lansford, Jennifer E.
AU - Pettit, Gregory S.
AU - Bates, John E.
AU - Dodge, Kenneth A.
AU - Budde, John
AU - Goate, Alison
AU - Buitelaar, Jan K.
AU - Ormel, Johannes
AU - Verhulst, Frank C.
AU - Huizink, Anja C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , and co-financed by European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’ ERDF, Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases ( REIPI RD12/0015 ). Part of this study was presented at the European Congress of the Society of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (23rd ECSMID) held in Berlin from 27 to 30 April 2013.
PY - 2011/4
Y1 - 2011/4
N2 - Psychologists, with their long-standing tradition of studying mechanistic processes, can make important contributions to further characterizing the risk associated with genes identified as influencing risk for psychiatric disorders. We report one such effort with respect to CHRM2, which codes for the cholinergic muscarinic 2 receptor and was of interest originally for its association with alcohol dependence. We tested for association between CHRM2 and prospectively measured externalizing behavior in a longitudinal, community-based sample of adolescents, as well as for moderation of this association by parental monitoring. We found evidence for an interaction in which the association between the genotype and externalizing behavior was stronger in environments with lower parental monitoring. There was also suggestion of a crossover effect, in which the genotype associated with the highest levels of externalizing behavior under low parental monitoring had the lowest levels of externalizing behavior at the extreme high end of parental monitoring. The difficulties involved in distinguishing mechanisms of gene-environment interaction are discussed.
AB - Psychologists, with their long-standing tradition of studying mechanistic processes, can make important contributions to further characterizing the risk associated with genes identified as influencing risk for psychiatric disorders. We report one such effort with respect to CHRM2, which codes for the cholinergic muscarinic 2 receptor and was of interest originally for its association with alcohol dependence. We tested for association between CHRM2 and prospectively measured externalizing behavior in a longitudinal, community-based sample of adolescents, as well as for moderation of this association by parental monitoring. We found evidence for an interaction in which the association between the genotype and externalizing behavior was stronger in environments with lower parental monitoring. There was also suggestion of a crossover effect, in which the genotype associated with the highest levels of externalizing behavior under low parental monitoring had the lowest levels of externalizing behavior at the extreme high end of parental monitoring. The difficulties involved in distinguishing mechanisms of gene-environment interaction are discussed.
KW - adolescent development
KW - antisocial behavior
KW - behavior genetics
KW - drug/substance abuse
KW - genetics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79953645717&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/0956797611403318
DO - 10.1177/0956797611403318
M3 - Article
C2 - 21441226
AN - SCOPUS:79953645717
SN - 0956-7976
VL - 22
SP - 481
EP - 489
JO - Psychological Science
JF - Psychological Science
IS - 4
ER -