Chapter 3 - Cerebral Oximetry

The risk of perioperative neurologic injury has decreased over the years, yet it remains a significant clinical problem that may result in severe debilitation and death. Noninvasive intraoperative monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used in this vein to ensure an adequate balance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand. NIRS technology, already employed in cardiac surgical patients, is increasingly used in orthopedic, vascular, and neurosurgical procedures. Furthermore, NIRS usage in other clinical settings - including trauma, critical care, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation - is also being investigated. This chapter reviews the basic principles and interpretation of cerebral oximetry, research studies that examine its efficacy, and novel uses of this technology.