Cerebellar granule cells are generated postnatally in humans

Maren C. Kiessling; Andreas Büttner; Camilla Butti; Jens Müller-Starck; Stefan Milz; Patrick R. Hof; Hans Georg Frank; Christoph Schmitz

doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0565-z

Cerebellar granule cells are generated postnatally in humans

Maren C. Kiessling, Andreas Büttner, Camilla Butti, Jens Müller-Starck, Stefan Milz, Patrick R. Hof, Hans Georg Frank, Christoph Schmitz

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Abstract

How many cerebellar granule cells are generated pre- or postnatally in human is unknown. Using a rigorous design-based stereologic approach we investigated postmortem cerebella from 14 children who died between the first postnatal day (P1) and 11 months of age (M11). We found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) age-related increase in the total number of granule cells from 5.9 × 10⁹ at M1 to 37.6 × 10⁹ at M10/11 per cerebellar half but not in the total number of Purkinje cells (12.1 × 10⁶ at M1 vs. 13.9 × 10⁶ at M10/11 per cerebellar half). Accordingly, approximately 85 % of the cerebellar granule cells are generated postnatally in human, and the number of granule cells per Purkinje cell in the human cerebellum increases from 485 at M1 to 2,700 at M10/11, approximately. These data indicate that the human cerebellum has a much higher functional plasticity during the first year of life than previously thought, and may respond very sensitively to internal and external influences during this time. This has important implications for several neuropsychiatric conditions in which cerebellar involvement has been demonstrated.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1271-1286
Number of pages	16
Journal	Brain Structure and Function
Volume	219
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-013-0565-z
State	Published - Jul 2014

Keywords

Cerebellum
Granule cells
Postnatal brain development
Purkinje cells
Stereology

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title = "Cerebellar granule cells are generated postnatally in humans",

abstract = "How many cerebellar granule cells are generated pre- or postnatally in human is unknown. Using a rigorous design-based stereologic approach we investigated postmortem cerebella from 14 children who died between the first postnatal day (P1) and 11 months of age (M11). We found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) age-related increase in the total number of granule cells from 5.9 × 109 at M1 to 37.6 × 109 at M10/11 per cerebellar half but not in the total number of Purkinje cells (12.1 × 106 at M1 vs. 13.9 × 106 at M10/11 per cerebellar half). Accordingly, approximately 85 % of the cerebellar granule cells are generated postnatally in human, and the number of granule cells per Purkinje cell in the human cerebellum increases from 485 at M1 to 2,700 at M10/11, approximately. These data indicate that the human cerebellum has a much higher functional plasticity during the first year of life than previously thought, and may respond very sensitively to internal and external influences during this time. This has important implications for several neuropsychiatric conditions in which cerebellar involvement has been demonstrated.",

keywords = "Cerebellum, Granule cells, Postnatal brain development, Purkinje cells, Stereology",

author = "Kiessling, {Maren C.} and Andreas B{\"u}ttner and Camilla Butti and Jens M{\"u}ller-Starck and Stefan Milz and Hof, {Patrick R.} and Frank, {Hans Georg} and Christoph Schmitz",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank B. Aschauer, U. Fazekas, C. Stanglmair and A. Baltruschat for expert technical assistance. P. R. H. is the Regenstreif Professor of Neuroscience. This work was supported in part by Grant 22002078 from the James S. McDonnell Foundation (P. R. H.). ",

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T1 - Cerebellar granule cells are generated postnatally in humans

AU - Kiessling, Maren C.

AU - Büttner, Andreas

AU - Butti, Camilla

AU - Müller-Starck, Jens

AU - Milz, Stefan

AU - Hof, Patrick R.

AU - Frank, Hans Georg

AU - Schmitz, Christoph

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank B. Aschauer, U. Fazekas, C. Stanglmair and A. Baltruschat for expert technical assistance. P. R. H. is the Regenstreif Professor of Neuroscience. This work was supported in part by Grant 22002078 from the James S. McDonnell Foundation (P. R. H.).

PY - 2014/7

Y1 - 2014/7

N2 - How many cerebellar granule cells are generated pre- or postnatally in human is unknown. Using a rigorous design-based stereologic approach we investigated postmortem cerebella from 14 children who died between the first postnatal day (P1) and 11 months of age (M11). We found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) age-related increase in the total number of granule cells from 5.9 × 109 at M1 to 37.6 × 109 at M10/11 per cerebellar half but not in the total number of Purkinje cells (12.1 × 106 at M1 vs. 13.9 × 106 at M10/11 per cerebellar half). Accordingly, approximately 85 % of the cerebellar granule cells are generated postnatally in human, and the number of granule cells per Purkinje cell in the human cerebellum increases from 485 at M1 to 2,700 at M10/11, approximately. These data indicate that the human cerebellum has a much higher functional plasticity during the first year of life than previously thought, and may respond very sensitively to internal and external influences during this time. This has important implications for several neuropsychiatric conditions in which cerebellar involvement has been demonstrated.

AB - How many cerebellar granule cells are generated pre- or postnatally in human is unknown. Using a rigorous design-based stereologic approach we investigated postmortem cerebella from 14 children who died between the first postnatal day (P1) and 11 months of age (M11). We found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) age-related increase in the total number of granule cells from 5.9 × 109 at M1 to 37.6 × 109 at M10/11 per cerebellar half but not in the total number of Purkinje cells (12.1 × 106 at M1 vs. 13.9 × 106 at M10/11 per cerebellar half). Accordingly, approximately 85 % of the cerebellar granule cells are generated postnatally in human, and the number of granule cells per Purkinje cell in the human cerebellum increases from 485 at M1 to 2,700 at M10/11, approximately. These data indicate that the human cerebellum has a much higher functional plasticity during the first year of life than previously thought, and may respond very sensitively to internal and external influences during this time. This has important implications for several neuropsychiatric conditions in which cerebellar involvement has been demonstrated.

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Cerebellar granule cells are generated postnatally in humans

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