Cause of hearing loss in the high-risk premature infant

Bilateral hearing loss occurred in 9.7% of infants who survived despite very low birth weight (≤1500 gm), 16.7% of infants who survived neonatal seizures, and 28.6% of infants who survived both low birth weight and neonatal seizures. All neonates received treatment in a single neonatal intensive care unit between 1976 and 1980. Twenty-two of 36 hearing-impaired children were normal physically and mentally, with IQ scores of ≥85. Significant neonatal predictors of hearing loss in high-risk premature infants (≤36 weeks gestation), as determined by multivariable testing, were prolonged respirator care, high serum bilirubin concentration, and hyponatremia. Exchange transfusions were associated with a decreased risk of hearing loss.