Catatonia and Autoimmune Conditions in Children and Adolescents: Should We Consider a Therapeutic Challenge?

Objective: Catatonia as a result of autoimmune conditions offers new therapeutic opportunities for patients that child and adolescent psychiatrists should consider. However, the diagnosis is sometimes challenging when an autoimmune signature is not identified. Methods: In this study, we aim to summarize seven cases from a 20-year series of 84 youths with catatonia, including three cases that represented a diagnostic challenge because of the absence of positive autoimmune testing. Results: Immunosuppressive/modulatory treatment improved catatonic and psychotic features in all cases. Conclusion: To facilitate treatment decision-making, we propose a causality assessment score and a treatment algorithm, which may help clinicians consider whether an autoimmune condition is associated with catatonia.