@article{e9653bf8b772484cb874d9d5d6dc07d6,
title = "Brain structural changes associated with chronicity and antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia",
abstract = "Accumulating evidence suggest a life-long impact of disease related mechanisms on brain structure in schizophrenia which may be modified by antipsychotic treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia the effect of illness duration and antipsychotic treatment on brain structure. Seventy-one schizophrenic patients and 79 age and gender matched healthy participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All images were processed with voxel based morphometry, using SPM5. Compared to healthy participants, patients showed decrements in gray matter volume in the left medial and left inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, duration of illness was negatively associated with gray matter volume in prefrontal regions bilaterally, in the temporal pole on the left and the caudal superior temporal gyrus on the right. Cumulative exposure to antipsychotics correlated positively with gray matter volumes in the cingulate gyrus for typical agents and in the thalamus for atypical drugs. These findings (a) indicate that structural abnormalities in prefrontal and temporal cortices in schizophrenia are progressive and, (b) suggest that antipsychotic medication has a significant impact on brain morphology.",
keywords = "Frontal lobes;, Imaging;, MRI;, Temporal lobes",
author = "Luisa Tomelleri and Jigar Jogia and Cinzia Perlini and Marcella Bellani and Adele Ferro and Gianluca Rambaldelli and Michele Tansella and Sophia Frangou and Paolo Brambilla",
note = "Funding Information: This work was partly supported by grants from the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education (APIRE Young Minds in Psychiatry Award); the Italian Ministry for University and Research (PRIN n. 2005068874), the StartCup Veneto 2007; the Italian Ministry of Health (IRCCS “E. Medea”) to Dr. Brambilla and by a grant from the Veneto Region, Italy, (159/03, DGRV n. 4087). Funding Information: This work was partly supported by grants from the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education (APIRE Young Minds in Psychiatry Award); the Italian Ministry for University and Research ( PRIN n. 2005068874 ), the StartCup Veneto 2007; the Italian Ministry of Health (IRCCS “E. Medea”) to Dr. Brambilla and by a grant from the Veneto Region, Italy , ( 159/03, DGRV n. 4087 ). This study was made possible through collaboration between the Institute of Psychiatry, UK and the Inter-University Center for Behavioural Neurosciences (ICBN), University of Verona and DPMSC, Section of Psychiatry, University of Udine, Italy as part of the Neuroimaging Network of the ECNP Networks initiative which consists of the following centres (principal investigators): Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, England (S Frangou), INSERM, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, France (JL Martinot), Saint Anne Hospital, France (P Boyer), Salp{\'e}tri{\`e}re Hospital, France (P Fossati), ICBN, University of Udine and University of Verona, Italy (P Brambilla), University of Gottingen, Germany (P Falkai), University of Munich, Germany (E Meisenthal), University of Edinburgh, Scotland (S Lawrie, A McIntosh).",
year = "2009",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.07.007",
language = "English",
volume = "19",
pages = "835--840",
journal = "European Neuropsychopharmacology",
issn = "0924-977X",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "12",
}