@article{497e99e65e454ed7b64b273ec9cd4fb3,
title = "Body mass, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and risk of cancer of the small intestine-a pooled analysis of over 500 000 subjects in the Asia Cohort Consortium",
abstract = "Background: The evidence for a role of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and body mass index (BMI) in the etiology of small intestine cancer is based mainly on case-control studies from Europe and United States. Subjects and methods: We harmonized the data across 12 cohort studies from mainland China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, comprising over 500 000 subjects followed for an average of 10.6 years. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for BMI and (only among men) tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Results: A total of 134 incident cases were observed (49 adenocarcinoma, 11 carcinoid, 46 other histologic types, and 28 of unknown histology). There was a statistically non-significant trend toward increased HR in subjects with high BMI [HR for BMI >27.5 kg/m. 2, compared with 22.6-25.0, 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-2.96]. No association was suggested for tobacco smoking; men drinking >400 g of ethanol per week had an HR of 1.57 (95% CI 0.66-3.70), compared with abstainers. Conclusions: Our study supports the hypothesis that elevated BMI may be a risk factor for small intestine cancer. An etiologic role of alcohol drinking was suggested. Our results reinforce the existing evidence that the epidemiology of small intestine cancer resembles that of colorectal cancer.",
keywords = "Alcohol drinking, Body mass index, Prospective studies, Small intestine cancer, Tobacco smoking",
author = "P. Boffetta and Hazelton, {W. D.} and Y. Chen and R. Sinha and M. Inoue and Gao, {Y. T.} and Koh, {W. P.} and Shu, {X. O.} and Grant, {E. J.} and I. Tsuji and Y. Nishino and You, {S. L.} and Yoo, {K. Y.} and Yuan, {J. M.} and J. Kim and S. Tsugane and G. Yang and R. Wang and Xiang, {Y. B.} and K. Ozasa and M. Nagai and M. Kakizaki and Chen, {C. J.} and Park, {S. K.} and A. Shin and H. Ahsan and Qu, {C. X.} and Lee, {J. E.} and M. Thornquist and B. Rolland and Z. Feng and W. Zheng and Potter, {J. D.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (R03CA150038) and by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. The original cohorts were supported by: Japan Public Health Center-based Study I & II (JPHC I & II): 1) Management Expenses Grants from the Government to the National Cancer Center; 2) Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan; 3) Grant-in-Aid for the Third-Term Comprehensive Control Research for Cancer from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan; Shanghai Women{\textquoteright}s Health Study (SWHS): United States Public Health Service grant (R37CA070867); Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS): National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (R01CA55069, R35CA53890, R01CA90205, R01CA144034); Shanghai Men{\textquoteright}s Health Study (SMHS): United States Public Health Service grant (R01 CA082729); Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF): The Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan is a private, non-profit foundation funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the latter in part through the National Academy of Sciences. This publication was supported by RERF Research Protocol RP-A03-10; Ohsaki National Health Insurance Cohort Study: Research Grant from Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Japan; Miyagi Cohort Study: Research Grant from Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Japan; Community-Based Cancer Screening Project (CBCSP): This work was supported by Health Promotion Bureau, Department of Health, Republic of China; Korea Multi-center Cancer Cohort (KMCC): Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea (2009-0087452), National Research Foundation of Korea (2009-0087452); Shanghai Cohort Study (SCS): National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (R01CA43092, R01CA144034); National Cancer Center Screenee Cohort: Grants from the National Cancer Center, Korea (0910220); and Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS): National Institutes for Health (P42ES010349, R01CA102484, R01CA107431).",
year = "2012",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1093/annonc/mdr562",
language = "English",
volume = "23",
pages = "1894--1898",
journal = "Annals of Oncology",
issn = "0923-7534",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",
number = "7",
}