@article{f80cc0f25e88457180ce8ec457f96c8f,
title = "Blockade of morphine analgesia by both pertussis and cholera toxins in the periaqueductal gray and locus coeruleus",
abstract = "Rats demonstrating analgesia following microinjection of morphine into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) or locus coeruleus (LC) were injected with either pertussis toxin, cholera toxin or saline into the same brain region. Both pertussis and cholera toxin blocked the analgesic effect of morphine at both injection sites for up to 7 days after toxin treatment. These results indicate that morphine analgesia is a complex response involving systems dependent upon Gs as well as Gi of Go proteins.",
keywords = "Cholera toxin, G-protein, Morphine analgesia, Pertussis toxin",
author = "Bodnar, {Richard J.} and Dennis Paul and Marc Rosenblum and Linda Liu and Pasternak, {Gavril W.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors wish to thank Dr. Jerome Posner for his assistance. This research was supported by a grant from the American Cancer Society (PDT 169) to G.W.E and a core grant from the National Cancer Institute (CA08748)to M.S.K.C.C.R.J.B. was supported by a sabbatical leave from Queens College, CUNY. D.P. was funded by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Association Foundation. G.W.P. was supported by a Research Career Development Award (K02 DA00138).",
year = "1990",
month = oct,
day = "8",
doi = "10.1016/0006-8993(90)90845-3",
language = "English",
volume = "529",
pages = "324--328",
journal = "Brain Research",
issn = "0006-8993",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "1-2",
}