Birth weight-breast cancer revisited: Is the association confounded by familial factors?

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate whether the association between birth weight and the risk ofbreast cancer can be confounded by familial factors, such as shared environment and common genes. Materials and Methods: Eligible were all female like-sexed twins ofthe Swedish Twin Registry, born during the period 1926-1958 and alive in 1973. Data were obtained from birth records, and the final study population with reliable birth weight data was made up of 11,923 twins. Hazard ratios (HR) for breast cancer according to birth weight were estimated through Cox regression, using robust SE to account for the dependence within twin pairs. Paired analysis was done to account for potential confounding by familial factors. Results: In the cohort analysis, a birth weight ≥3,000 g was associated with an increased risk ofbre ast cancer diagnosed at or before 50 years [adjusted HR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.03-2.42] but not with breast cancer with a later onset (adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.57-1.12). From ≥2,500 g, a 500-g increase in birth weight conferred a HR of 1.62 (95% CI, 1.16-2.27) for breast cancer diagnosed at or before 50 years. This risk remained in analysis within twin pairs (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.00-2.48). Conclusion: In the present study, findings indicate that the association between birth weight and breast cancer risk, seen only in women diagnosed early (≤50 years), is not confounded by familial factors.