Biliary Complications after Liver Transplantation

Despite standardization of surgical methods in biliary reconstruction, immunosuppression and post-operative management, biliary complications continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Early identification of biliary complications after LT is critical due to the potential for graft and patient injury. Biliary complications include biliary strictures, bile leaks, biliary stones/debris, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, mucoceles and hemobilia. Many of these complications can be managed with a combination of endoscopic and percutaneous therapy and this has minimized the need for post-transplant biliary surgery.