Bilateral psoas muscle abscesses due to Neisseria elongata spp. nitroreducens in a patient with immune reconstitution syndrome

Neisseria elongata is a rare cause of invasive disease and has been considered a nonpathogenic strain of the Neisseria genus. Increasing numbers of endocarditis and bacteremia cases due to N. elongata spp. nitroreducens are being reported. Simultaneously, there has been an increased recognition of the immune reconstitution syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with clinical manifestations attributable to both infectious and noninfectious disorders. We report an HIV-infected patient with prolonged immune reconstitution syndrome who developed bilateral psoas abscesses due to N. elongata spp. nitroreducens and a review the literature on N. elongata infections.