Bat pluripotent stem cells reveal unusual entanglement between host and viruses

Marion Déjosez; Arturo Marin; Graham M. Hughes; Ariadna E. Morales; Carlos Godoy-Parejo; Jonathan L. Gray; Yiren Qin; Arun A. Singh; Hui Xu; Javier Juste; Carlos Ibáñez; Kris M. White; Romel Rosales; Nancy J. Francoeur; Robert P. Sebra; Dominic Alcock; Thomas L. Volkert; Sébastien J. Puechmaille; Andrzej Pastusiak; Simon D.W. Frost; Michael Hiller; Richard A. Young; Emma C. Teeling; Adolfo García-Sastre; Thomas P. Zwaka

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.011

Bat pluripotent stem cells reveal unusual entanglement between host and viruses

Marion Déjosez, Arturo Marin, Graham M. Hughes, Ariadna E. Morales, Carlos Godoy-Parejo, Jonathan L. Gray, Yiren Qin, Arun A. Singh, Hui Xu, Javier Juste, Carlos Ibáñez, Kris M. White, Romel Rosales, Nancy J. Francoeur, Robert P. Sebra, Dominic Alcock, Thomas L. Volkert, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Andrzej Pastusiak, Simon D.W. FrostMichael Hiller, Richard A. Young, Emma C. Teeling, Adolfo García-Sastre, Thomas P. Zwaka

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Bats are distinctive among mammals due to their ability to fly, use laryngeal echolocation, and tolerate viruses. However, there are currently no reliable cellular models for studying bat biology or their response to viral infections. Here, we created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two species of bats: the wild greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis). The iPSCs from both bat species showed similar characteristics and had a gene expression profile resembling that of cells attacked by viruses. They also had a high number of endogenous viral sequences, particularly retroviruses. These results suggest that bats have evolved mechanisms to tolerate a large load of viral sequences and may have a more intertwined relationship with viruses than previously thought. Further study of bat iPSCs and their differentiated progeny will provide insights into bat biology, virus host relationships, and the molecular basis of bats’ special traits.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	957-974.e28
Journal	Cell
Volume	186
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.011
State	Published - 2 Mar 2023

Keywords

bats
cancer
coronaviruses
differentiation
endogenized viruses
epigenetics
evolution
host-pathogen-interactions
induced pluripotent stem cells
inflammation
virus response

Access to Document

10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.011

Cite this

Déjosez, M., Marin, A., Hughes, G. M., Morales, A. E., Godoy-Parejo, C., Gray, J. L., Qin, Y., Singh, A. A., Xu, H., Juste, J., Ibáñez, C., White, K. M., Rosales, R., Francoeur, N. J., Sebra, R. P., Alcock, D., Volkert, T. L., Puechmaille, S. J., Pastusiak, A., ... Zwaka, T. P. (2023). Bat pluripotent stem cells reveal unusual entanglement between host and viruses. Cell, 186(5), 957-974.e28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.011

@article{e2afe32951c44c4691d050fabb6087a4,

title = "Bat pluripotent stem cells reveal unusual entanglement between host and viruses",

abstract = "Bats are distinctive among mammals due to their ability to fly, use laryngeal echolocation, and tolerate viruses. However, there are currently no reliable cellular models for studying bat biology or their response to viral infections. Here, we created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two species of bats: the wild greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis). The iPSCs from both bat species showed similar characteristics and had a gene expression profile resembling that of cells attacked by viruses. They also had a high number of endogenous viral sequences, particularly retroviruses. These results suggest that bats have evolved mechanisms to tolerate a large load of viral sequences and may have a more intertwined relationship with viruses than previously thought. Further study of bat iPSCs and their differentiated progeny will provide insights into bat biology, virus host relationships, and the molecular basis of bats{\textquoteright} special traits.",

keywords = "bats, cancer, coronaviruses, differentiation, endogenized viruses, epigenetics, evolution, host-pathogen-interactions, induced pluripotent stem cells, inflammation, virus response",

author = "Marion D{\'e}josez and Arturo Marin and Hughes, {Graham M.} and Morales, {Ariadna E.} and Carlos Godoy-Parejo and Gray, {Jonathan L.} and Yiren Qin and Singh, {Arun A.} and Hui Xu and Javier Juste and Carlos Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez and White, {Kris M.} and Romel Rosales and Francoeur, {Nancy J.} and Sebra, {Robert P.} and Dominic Alcock and Volkert, {Thomas L.} and Puechmaille, {S{\'e}bastien J.} and Andrzej Pastusiak and Frost, {Simon D.W.} and Michael Hiller and Young, {Richard A.} and Teeling, {Emma C.} and Adolfo Garc{\'i}a-Sastre and Zwaka, {Thomas P.}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Prof. Eloy Revilla Ebd-CSIC's director, the EBD-CSIC's Bio-Ethical Committee, the CABIMER, the Consejer{\'i}a de Medio-Ambiente of the Junta de Andaluc{\'i}a and the Subdirecci{\'o}n General de Acuerdos Sanitarios y Control en Frontera of the Spanish Ministry of Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentaci{\'o}n, for their support and help in obtaining the export permits in record time and many other people for making the shipment and delivery of the Rhinolophus samples from Seville, Spain, to New York, USA, under the COVID-19 pandemic's most arduous conditions possible. We thank the members of Bretagne Vivante, local volunteers, and students from University College Dublin for their help in sample collection and the owners/local authorities for allowing access to the sites to collect Myotis samples in France. We also thank Michael Schotsaert and Carles Martinez for helping with the bat tissue import, Allison Sova and Bill Williams from the Microscopy Core and Advanced Bioimaging Center at the Icahn School of Medicine for preparing the cells for the electron microscopy and imaging, as well as Glenn Doherty and Nikolas Tzavaras for their assistance with the confocal microscopy. We also thank the Genomics and the Biorepository and Pathology Core Facility members at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai for performing the RNA-seq and histology, respectively. This work was supported in part by the computational resources and staff expertise provided by Scientific Computing at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. E.C.T. is supported by Irish Research Council Laureate Award IRCLA/2017/58 and Science Foundation Ireland Future Frontiers 19/FFP/6790. G.M.H. is funded by a University College Dublin Ad Astra Fellowship. M.D. and T.P.Z. are supported by the Huffington Foundation. T.P.Z. is supported by NIH GM129329 and HD100518. A.G.S. is supported by HR0011-19-2-0020, awarded by DARPA, and grant No. W81XWH-20-1-0270, awarded by the Department of Defense(DoD). This work was also partially supported by NIAID grant U19AI135972 and by CRIPT (Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Response), a NIAID-supported Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR, contract #75N93019R00028) to A.G.S. and by grant 2021-244135(5384) from the Open Philanthropy Project Fund to A.G.S. and T.P.Z. while J.J. and C.I. are supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci{\'o}n (SAF2017-89355-P). R.A.Y. is supported by NIH R35 GM144283. A.E.M. and M.H. are supported by the LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG). The graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com. Conceptualization, M.D. R.A.Y. E.C.T. A.G.S. and T.P.Z.; methodology, M.D.; formal analysis, M.D. A.M. G.M.H. A.E.M. C.G.P. J.L.G. Y.Q. A.A.S. R.R. A.P. and M.H.; investigation, M.D. C.G.P. Y.Q. A.A.S. H.X. and R.R.; resources, J.J. C.I. D.A. E.C.T. A.P. and S.D.W.F.; data curation, M.D.; writing – original draft, M.D. R.A.Y. and T.P.Z.; writing – review & editing, M.D. E.C.T. A.G.S. R.A.Y. T.P.Z. and S.D.W.F.; visualization, M.D.; supervision, M.D. and T.P.Z.; project administration, M.D. K.M.W. N.J.F. R.P.S. T.L.V. S.J.P. S.D.W.F. and T.P.Z.; funding acquisition, M.D. R.A.Y. E.C.T. A.G.S. and T.P.Z. T.P.Z. M.D. and A.G.S. are inventors on patents and patent applications on the use of bat iPS cells, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. T.P.Z. and R.A.Y. are founders and shareholders of Paratus Sciences, and R.A.Y. is a founder and shareholder of Syros Pharmaceuticals, Camp4 Therapeutics, Omega Therapeutics, and Dewpoint Therapeutics. The A.G.S. laboratory has received research support from Pfizer, Senhwa Biosciences, Kenall Manufacturing, Avimex, Johnson & Johnson, Dynavax, 7Hills Pharma, Pharmamar, ImmunityBio, Accurius, Nanocomposix, Hexamer, N-Fold LLC, Model Medicines, and Merck, outside of the reported work. A.G.S. has consulting agreements for the following companies involving cash and/or stock: Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Vaxalto, Pagoda, Accurius, Esperovax, Farmak, Applied Biological Laboratories, and Pfizer, outside of the reported work. A.G.S. is inventor on patents and patent applications on the use of antivirals and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of virus infections and cancer, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, outside of the reported work. A.M. is the creator of Omics Bioinformatics and owns all the stocks of this company. R.P.S. has a consulting agreement with Sema4 involving cash and is also a stockholder of this company. A.P. and S.D.W.F. are employees of Microsoft Corporation. S.D.W.F. is co-founder of DIOSynVax, Ltd. and an inventor on patent applications on the design of vaccine immunogens for the prevention of virus infections, outside of the reported work. We support the inclusive, diverse, and equitable conduct of research. Funding Information: We thank Prof. Eloy Revilla Ebd-CSIC{\textquoteright}s director, the EBD-CSIC{\textquoteright}s Bio-Ethical Committee , the CABIMER , the Consejer{\'i}a de Medio-Ambiente of the Junta de Andaluc{\'i}a and the Subdirecci{\'o}n General de Acuerdos Sanitarios y Control en Frontera of the Spanish Ministry of Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentaci{\'o}n, for their support and help in obtaining the export permits in record time and many other people for making the shipment and delivery of the Rhinolophus samples from Seville, Spain, to New York, USA, under the COVID -19 pandemic{\textquoteright}s most arduous conditions possible. We thank the members of Bretagne Vivante, local volunteers, and students from University College Dublin for their help in sample collection and the owners/local authorities for allowing access to the sites to collect Myotis samples in France. We also thank Michael Schotsaert and Carles Martinez for helping with the bat tissue import, Allison Sova and Bill Williams from the Microscopy Core and Advanced Bioimaging Center at the Icahn School of Medicine for preparing the cells for the electron microscopy and imaging, as well as Glenn Doherty and Nikolas Tzavaras for their assistance with the confocal microscopy. We also thank the Genomics and the Biorepository and Pathology Core Facility members at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai for performing the RNA-seq and histology, respectively. This work was supported in part by the computational resources and staff expertise provided by Scientific Computing at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai . E.C.T. is supported by Irish Research Council Laureate Award IRCLA/2017/58 and Science Foundation Ireland Future Frontiers 19/FFP/6790 . G.M.H. is funded by a University College Dublin Ad Astra Fellowship. M.D. and T.P.Z. are supported by the Huffington Foundation . T.P.Z. is supported by NIH GM129329 and HD100518 . A.G.S. is supported by HR0011-19-2-0020 , awarded by DARPA , and grant No. W81XWH-20-1-0270 , awarded by the Department of Defense (DoD). This work was also partially supported by NIAID grant U19AI135972 and by CRIPT ( Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Response), a NIAID -supported Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response ( CEIRR , contract # 75N93019R00028 ) to A.G.S. and by grant 2021-244135(5384) from the Open Philanthropy Project Fund to A.G.S. and T.P.Z., while J.J. and C.I. are supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci{\'o}n ( SAF2017-89355-P ). R.A.Y. is supported by NIH R35 GM144283 . A.E.M. and M.H. are supported by the LOEWE -Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG). The graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",

year = "2023",

month = mar,

day = "2",

doi = "10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.011",

language = "English",

volume = "186",

pages = "957--974.e28",

journal = "Cell",

issn = "0092-8674",

publisher = "Cell Press",

number = "5",

}

Déjosez, M, Marin, A, Hughes, GM, Morales, AE, Godoy-Parejo, C, Gray, JL, Qin, Y, Singh, AA, Xu, H, Juste, J, Ibáñez, C, White, KM, Rosales, R, Francoeur, NJ, Sebra, RP, Alcock, D, Volkert, TL, Puechmaille, SJ, Pastusiak, A, Frost, SDW, Hiller, M, Young, RA, Teeling, EC, García-Sastre, A & Zwaka, TP 2023, 'Bat pluripotent stem cells reveal unusual entanglement between host and viruses', Cell, vol. 186, no. 5, pp. 957-974.e28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.011

TY - JOUR

T1 - Bat pluripotent stem cells reveal unusual entanglement between host and viruses

AU - Déjosez, Marion

AU - Marin, Arturo

AU - Hughes, Graham M.

AU - Morales, Ariadna E.

AU - Godoy-Parejo, Carlos

AU - Gray, Jonathan L.

AU - Qin, Yiren

AU - Singh, Arun A.

AU - Xu, Hui

AU - Juste, Javier

AU - Ibáñez, Carlos

AU - White, Kris M.

AU - Rosales, Romel

AU - Francoeur, Nancy J.

AU - Sebra, Robert P.

AU - Alcock, Dominic

AU - Volkert, Thomas L.

AU - Puechmaille, Sébastien J.

AU - Pastusiak, Andrzej

AU - Frost, Simon D.W.

AU - Hiller, Michael

AU - Young, Richard A.

AU - Teeling, Emma C.

AU - García-Sastre, Adolfo

AU - Zwaka, Thomas P.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Prof. Eloy Revilla Ebd-CSIC's director, the EBD-CSIC's Bio-Ethical Committee, the CABIMER, the Consejería de Medio-Ambiente of the Junta de Andalucía and the Subdirección General de Acuerdos Sanitarios y Control en Frontera of the Spanish Ministry of Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, for their support and help in obtaining the export permits in record time and many other people for making the shipment and delivery of the Rhinolophus samples from Seville, Spain, to New York, USA, under the COVID-19 pandemic's most arduous conditions possible. We thank the members of Bretagne Vivante, local volunteers, and students from University College Dublin for their help in sample collection and the owners/local authorities for allowing access to the sites to collect Myotis samples in France. We also thank Michael Schotsaert and Carles Martinez for helping with the bat tissue import, Allison Sova and Bill Williams from the Microscopy Core and Advanced Bioimaging Center at the Icahn School of Medicine for preparing the cells for the electron microscopy and imaging, as well as Glenn Doherty and Nikolas Tzavaras for their assistance with the confocal microscopy. We also thank the Genomics and the Biorepository and Pathology Core Facility members at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai for performing the RNA-seq and histology, respectively. This work was supported in part by the computational resources and staff expertise provided by Scientific Computing at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. E.C.T. is supported by Irish Research Council Laureate Award IRCLA/2017/58 and Science Foundation Ireland Future Frontiers 19/FFP/6790. G.M.H. is funded by a University College Dublin Ad Astra Fellowship. M.D. and T.P.Z. are supported by the Huffington Foundation. T.P.Z. is supported by NIH GM129329 and HD100518. A.G.S. is supported by HR0011-19-2-0020, awarded by DARPA, and grant No. W81XWH-20-1-0270, awarded by the Department of Defense(DoD). This work was also partially supported by NIAID grant U19AI135972 and by CRIPT (Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Response), a NIAID-supported Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR, contract #75N93019R00028) to A.G.S. and by grant 2021-244135(5384) from the Open Philanthropy Project Fund to A.G.S. and T.P.Z. while J.J. and C.I. are supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2017-89355-P). R.A.Y. is supported by NIH R35 GM144283. A.E.M. and M.H. are supported by the LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG). The graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com. Conceptualization, M.D. R.A.Y. E.C.T. A.G.S. and T.P.Z.; methodology, M.D.; formal analysis, M.D. A.M. G.M.H. A.E.M. C.G.P. J.L.G. Y.Q. A.A.S. R.R. A.P. and M.H.; investigation, M.D. C.G.P. Y.Q. A.A.S. H.X. and R.R.; resources, J.J. C.I. D.A. E.C.T. A.P. and S.D.W.F.; data curation, M.D.; writing – original draft, M.D. R.A.Y. and T.P.Z.; writing – review & editing, M.D. E.C.T. A.G.S. R.A.Y. T.P.Z. and S.D.W.F.; visualization, M.D.; supervision, M.D. and T.P.Z.; project administration, M.D. K.M.W. N.J.F. R.P.S. T.L.V. S.J.P. S.D.W.F. and T.P.Z.; funding acquisition, M.D. R.A.Y. E.C.T. A.G.S. and T.P.Z. T.P.Z. M.D. and A.G.S. are inventors on patents and patent applications on the use of bat iPS cells, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. T.P.Z. and R.A.Y. are founders and shareholders of Paratus Sciences, and R.A.Y. is a founder and shareholder of Syros Pharmaceuticals, Camp4 Therapeutics, Omega Therapeutics, and Dewpoint Therapeutics. The A.G.S. laboratory has received research support from Pfizer, Senhwa Biosciences, Kenall Manufacturing, Avimex, Johnson & Johnson, Dynavax, 7Hills Pharma, Pharmamar, ImmunityBio, Accurius, Nanocomposix, Hexamer, N-Fold LLC, Model Medicines, and Merck, outside of the reported work. A.G.S. has consulting agreements for the following companies involving cash and/or stock: Vivaldi Biosciences, Contrafect, 7Hills Pharma, Avimex, Vaxalto, Pagoda, Accurius, Esperovax, Farmak, Applied Biological Laboratories, and Pfizer, outside of the reported work. A.G.S. is inventor on patents and patent applications on the use of antivirals and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of virus infections and cancer, owned by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, outside of the reported work. A.M. is the creator of Omics Bioinformatics and owns all the stocks of this company. R.P.S. has a consulting agreement with Sema4 involving cash and is also a stockholder of this company. A.P. and S.D.W.F. are employees of Microsoft Corporation. S.D.W.F. is co-founder of DIOSynVax, Ltd. and an inventor on patent applications on the design of vaccine immunogens for the prevention of virus infections, outside of the reported work. We support the inclusive, diverse, and equitable conduct of research. Funding Information: We thank Prof. Eloy Revilla Ebd-CSIC’s director, the EBD-CSIC’s Bio-Ethical Committee , the CABIMER , the Consejería de Medio-Ambiente of the Junta de Andalucía and the Subdirección General de Acuerdos Sanitarios y Control en Frontera of the Spanish Ministry of Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, for their support and help in obtaining the export permits in record time and many other people for making the shipment and delivery of the Rhinolophus samples from Seville, Spain, to New York, USA, under the COVID -19 pandemic’s most arduous conditions possible. We thank the members of Bretagne Vivante, local volunteers, and students from University College Dublin for their help in sample collection and the owners/local authorities for allowing access to the sites to collect Myotis samples in France. We also thank Michael Schotsaert and Carles Martinez for helping with the bat tissue import, Allison Sova and Bill Williams from the Microscopy Core and Advanced Bioimaging Center at the Icahn School of Medicine for preparing the cells for the electron microscopy and imaging, as well as Glenn Doherty and Nikolas Tzavaras for their assistance with the confocal microscopy. We also thank the Genomics and the Biorepository and Pathology Core Facility members at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai for performing the RNA-seq and histology, respectively. This work was supported in part by the computational resources and staff expertise provided by Scientific Computing at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai . E.C.T. is supported by Irish Research Council Laureate Award IRCLA/2017/58 and Science Foundation Ireland Future Frontiers 19/FFP/6790 . G.M.H. is funded by a University College Dublin Ad Astra Fellowship. M.D. and T.P.Z. are supported by the Huffington Foundation . T.P.Z. is supported by NIH GM129329 and HD100518 . A.G.S. is supported by HR0011-19-2-0020 , awarded by DARPA , and grant No. W81XWH-20-1-0270 , awarded by the Department of Defense (DoD). This work was also partially supported by NIAID grant U19AI135972 and by CRIPT ( Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Response), a NIAID -supported Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response ( CEIRR , contract # 75N93019R00028 ) to A.G.S. and by grant 2021-244135(5384) from the Open Philanthropy Project Fund to A.G.S. and T.P.Z., while J.J. and C.I. are supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación ( SAF2017-89355-P ). R.A.Y. is supported by NIH R35 GM144283 . A.E.M. and M.H. are supported by the LOEWE -Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG). The graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com . Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)

PY - 2023/3/2

Y1 - 2023/3/2

N2 - Bats are distinctive among mammals due to their ability to fly, use laryngeal echolocation, and tolerate viruses. However, there are currently no reliable cellular models for studying bat biology or their response to viral infections. Here, we created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two species of bats: the wild greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis). The iPSCs from both bat species showed similar characteristics and had a gene expression profile resembling that of cells attacked by viruses. They also had a high number of endogenous viral sequences, particularly retroviruses. These results suggest that bats have evolved mechanisms to tolerate a large load of viral sequences and may have a more intertwined relationship with viruses than previously thought. Further study of bat iPSCs and their differentiated progeny will provide insights into bat biology, virus host relationships, and the molecular basis of bats’ special traits.

AB - Bats are distinctive among mammals due to their ability to fly, use laryngeal echolocation, and tolerate viruses. However, there are currently no reliable cellular models for studying bat biology or their response to viral infections. Here, we created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two species of bats: the wild greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis). The iPSCs from both bat species showed similar characteristics and had a gene expression profile resembling that of cells attacked by viruses. They also had a high number of endogenous viral sequences, particularly retroviruses. These results suggest that bats have evolved mechanisms to tolerate a large load of viral sequences and may have a more intertwined relationship with viruses than previously thought. Further study of bat iPSCs and their differentiated progeny will provide insights into bat biology, virus host relationships, and the molecular basis of bats’ special traits.

KW - bats

KW - cancer

KW - coronaviruses

KW - differentiation

KW - endogenized viruses

KW - epigenetics

KW - evolution

KW - host-pathogen-interactions

KW - induced pluripotent stem cells

KW - inflammation

KW - virus response

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85149066732&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.011

DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.011

M3 - Article

C2 - 36812912

AN - SCOPUS:85149066732

SN - 0092-8674

VL - 186

SP - 957-974.e28

JO - Cell

JF - Cell

IS - 5

ER -

Bat pluripotent stem cells reveal unusual entanglement between host and viruses

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this