Antithrombotic therapy in cardiac disease: An approach based on pathogenesis and risk stratification

An approach to the management of thrombosis and embolism in various cardiovascular disorders is discussed. This approach is based on current knowledge of pathogenesis and risk of thromboembolism. Rational therapeutic guidelines are formulated along the lines of anatomic location (arterial circulation, cardiac chambers or prosthetic valves), pathophysiology (activation of platelets or the coagulation system, or both), and degree of thromboembolic risk. With clear understanding of these factors, it may be possible to determine the most suitable platelet inhibitor or anticoagulant regimen for the individual patient, and whether these agents should be given singly or in combination.