@inbook{d56dfd7eba4346f6ae025d9fa1891f28,
title = "Antibiotic Resistance in Municipal Wastewater: A Special Focus on Hospital Effluents",
abstract = "Hospital effluents contain a hazardous amalgam of drug residues and infectious agents. Qualitative and quantitative evidence shows that hospital effluents are enriched in antibiotics, multidrug-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes and genetic vectors which could facilitate the horizontal transfer of these genes. This chapter provides an overview of the current status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in hospital effluents and draws comparisons to other AMR monitoring studies in domestic wastewaters and natural aquatic environments. We discuss approaches and standard tools that have been used to measure levels of AMR contamination and provide insights to the latest developments in the detection and profiling of AMR which have yet to gain traction in present surveillance programs.",
keywords = "Antibiotic residues, Antibiotic resistance genes, Antibiotic resistant bacteria, Hospital effluent, Resistome",
author = "Charmaine Ng and Hongjie Chen and Tran, {Ngoc Han} and Laurence Haller and Gin, {Karina Yew Hoong}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1007/698_2020_471",
language = "English",
series = "Handbook of Environmental Chemistry",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
pages = "123--146",
booktitle = "Handbook of Environmental Chemistry",
address = "Germany",
}