Analytic inquiry: Molecular testing in lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer is a different disease from what it was a decade ago. The last 10 years were based on remarkable advances in the understanding of key genetic alterations that function as oncogenic drivers and serve as therapeutic targets, thereby defining new molecular subsets. These changes have had an impact on clinical care, patient outcomes, and pathologic diagnosis and present new challenges in the approach of the cytopathologist to this still deadly disease. To meet these new challenges and appropriately train the next generation of cytopathologists, the complex molecular background underlying this disease and the implications that cytologic and histologic diagnoses have on treatment must be understood. Herein, the author reviews the background leading to this new approach and explains how, why, and what cytologists need to know to successfully contribute to the care of the patient with lung cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125(6 suppl):470-6.