Allogeneic stem cell transplantation overview

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (AlloSCT) is most often performed for treatment of patients with acute leukemia, high risk lymphoma, and certain benign hematologic as well as nonhematologic conditions. A number of advances including use of reduced intensity conditioning regimens, availability of cord blood stem cells, and improved HLA matching have led to improved outcomes post AlloSCT. Infections post AlloSCT are common and can be potentially lifethreatening, and should be treated aggressively with appropriate prophylaxis and treatment. Though there have been improvements in management of GVHD prophylaxis and treatment, it remains the most common cause of treatment-related mortality. As survival rates improve, it is imperative that these patients are evaluated at regular intervals and screened appropriately for long-term complications related to AlloSCT.