Advanced techniques for genomics and proteomics: Transitional structural chemogenomics, chemoproteomics, pharmacogenomics, and pharmacoproteomics

Traditional and novel chemical and pharmacological techniques for genomics and proteomics can be used to treat disease and enhance drug discovery and development. Four novel genomic and proteomic techniques have been developed. They are DNA, RNA, and plasmid microarrays (transitional structural nucleic acid microarrays):1-3 transitional structural chemogenomics (TSCg), transitional structural chemoproteomics (TSCp), transitional structural pharmacogenomics (TSPg), and transitional structural pharmacoproteomics (TSPp). The main purpose of TSCg and TSPg is to inhibit the expression of genetic elements by means of one or more drugs that target specific areas of genes that may experience structural changes. TSCg and TSPg can be used with genes that do not have Z-DNA sequences in them, namely, genes that only have conventional right-handed ds-B-DNA. Both TSCg and TSPg can also be applied to target and identify very small differences in DNA and RNA as they begin to undergo structural changes.