TY - JOUR
T1 - Advanced paternal age and risk of schizophrenia in offspring – Review of epidemiological findings and potential mechanisms
AU - Khachadourian, Vahe
AU - Zaks, Nina
AU - Lin, Emma
AU - Reichenberg, Abraham
AU - Janecka, Magdalena
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to acknowledge the generous support of the Seaver Foundation . VK was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Award T32 MH122394 . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the authors' employers.
Funding Information:
We would like to acknowledge the generous support of the Seaver Foundation. VK was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Award T32 MH122394. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the authors' employers.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - A large number of studies have examined the association between advanced paternal age (APA) and risk of schizophrenia in offspring. Here we present an overview of epidemiological studies on this subject published since 2000, and systematically summarize their methodologies and results. Next, we discuss evidence to elucidate the potential mechanisms contributing to the association between APA and offspring schizophrenia, considering paternal psychiatric morbidity and genetic liability, maternal factors, and findings from family design studies. We propose that multiple mechanisms, including causal and non-causal pathways, contribute to the observed relationship between APA and schizophrenia in offspring, and conclude by highlighting the need for multi-disciplinary studies in disentangling these complex, non-mutually exclusive mechanisms.
AB - A large number of studies have examined the association between advanced paternal age (APA) and risk of schizophrenia in offspring. Here we present an overview of epidemiological studies on this subject published since 2000, and systematically summarize their methodologies and results. Next, we discuss evidence to elucidate the potential mechanisms contributing to the association between APA and offspring schizophrenia, considering paternal psychiatric morbidity and genetic liability, maternal factors, and findings from family design studies. We propose that multiple mechanisms, including causal and non-causal pathways, contribute to the observed relationship between APA and schizophrenia in offspring, and conclude by highlighting the need for multi-disciplinary studies in disentangling these complex, non-mutually exclusive mechanisms.
KW - Advanced paternal age
KW - Delayed fatherhood
KW - Paternal age
KW - Psychiatric epidemiology
KW - Schizophrenia
KW - de novo mutations
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109133276&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.016
DO - 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 34242951
AN - SCOPUS:85109133276
SN - 0920-9964
VL - 233
SP - 72
EP - 79
JO - Schizophrenia Research
JF - Schizophrenia Research
ER -