Acute hyperglycemic syndromes: Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperosmolar state

David Wing Hang Lam; Yun Feng

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18741-9_18

Acute hyperglycemic syndromes: Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperosmolar state

David Wing Hang Lam
, Yun Feng

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › peer-review

Abstract

The patient, often a "repeat offender" who stops taking insulin, presents with increasing urination and thirst along with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, weakness, and dizziness. The patient may become confused and slip into coma. The respiratory compensation that accompanies acidemia causes deep rapid (Kussmaul) breathing. The sweet smell of the volatile ketone body acetone signals the possibility of ketoacidosis. The treating physician seeks to reestablish normal physiology and restore the patient to normal function. Thankfully, treatment is remarkably straightforward and involves intravenous fluid, insulin, potassium, and vigilance.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Principles of Diabetes Mellitus
Subtitle of host publication	Third Edition
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Pages	349-365
Number of pages	17
ISBN (Electronic)	9783319187419
ISBN (Print)	9783319187402
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18741-9_18
State	Published - 7 Jul 2017

Keywords

Acetoacetate
Anion gap metabolic acidosis
Cerebral edema
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Free fatty acids
Hyperglycemia
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome
Ketosis
Kussmaul
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
β-hydroxybutyrate

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10.1007/978-3-319-18741-9_18

Cite this

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title = "Acute hyperglycemic syndromes: Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperosmolar state",

abstract = "The patient, often a {"}repeat offender{"} who stops taking insulin, presents with increasing urination and thirst along with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, weakness, and dizziness. The patient may become confused and slip into coma. The respiratory compensation that accompanies acidemia causes deep rapid (Kussmaul) breathing. The sweet smell of the volatile ketone body acetone signals the possibility of ketoacidosis. The treating physician seeks to reestablish normal physiology and restore the patient to normal function. Thankfully, treatment is remarkably straightforward and involves intravenous fluid, insulin, potassium, and vigilance.",

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N2 - The patient, often a "repeat offender" who stops taking insulin, presents with increasing urination and thirst along with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, weakness, and dizziness. The patient may become confused and slip into coma. The respiratory compensation that accompanies acidemia causes deep rapid (Kussmaul) breathing. The sweet smell of the volatile ketone body acetone signals the possibility of ketoacidosis. The treating physician seeks to reestablish normal physiology and restore the patient to normal function. Thankfully, treatment is remarkably straightforward and involves intravenous fluid, insulin, potassium, and vigilance.

AB - The patient, often a "repeat offender" who stops taking insulin, presents with increasing urination and thirst along with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, weakness, and dizziness. The patient may become confused and slip into coma. The respiratory compensation that accompanies acidemia causes deep rapid (Kussmaul) breathing. The sweet smell of the volatile ketone body acetone signals the possibility of ketoacidosis. The treating physician seeks to reestablish normal physiology and restore the patient to normal function. Thankfully, treatment is remarkably straightforward and involves intravenous fluid, insulin, potassium, and vigilance.

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KW - Cerebral edema

KW - Diabetic ketoacidosis

KW - Free fatty acids

KW - Hyperglycemia

KW - Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome

KW - Ketosis

KW - Kussmaul

KW - Type 1 diabetes

KW - Type 2 diabetes

KW - β-hydroxybutyrate

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BT - Principles of Diabetes Mellitus

PB - Springer International Publishing

ER -

Acute hyperglycemic syndromes: Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperosmolar state

Abstract

Keywords

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