单侧肾上腺切除术治疗原发性双侧大结节性肾上腺皮质疾病的疗效和围手术期处理(附手术视频)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of unilateral adrenalectomy for treating primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) of different clinical types. Methods The clinical and biochemical data of 54 patients with PBMAH who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy from May 2008 to March 2023 were retrospectively collected. Preoperative CT images of all patients showed enlarged bilateral adrenal glands with multiple nodules of " fused masses". Mean preoperative blood cortisol concentration at 8am was (21.5±7.7)μg/dl, urinary free cortisol concentration was (442.6±300.4)μg/24h, and mean 8am ACTH concentration was (6.4±2.3)pg/ml. Postoperative symptoms, BMI, blood pressure, mass diameter, cortisol and ACTH concentration were recorded and analyzed. Results Compared with ordinary laparoscopic surgery, robot-assisted surgery showed shorter operation time [(115.4±22.1)min vs.(95.0±19.8)min, P=0.045]; less blood loss [(118.2±57.0)ml vs. (125.6±45.3)ml, P=0.441] and shorter hospitalization time [(5.2±0.9)day vs. (6.4±1.2)day, P=0.279]. Compared with laparoscopic surgery, open surgery showed longer operation time [(134 34.5) min vs. (104.3±20.1) min, P=0.035]; more blood loss [(305.5±85.2) ml vs. (122.5±44.3) ml, P=0.012] and longer hospitalization time[(10.4±3.2)day vs. (5.7±1.0) day, P=0.020]. The average follow-up time was (23.7±11.7) months. Sixteen cases biochemically relapsed, and the average relapse-free time was (25.4±13.4) month. Mean postoperative systolic blood pressure was (131.1±16.8)mmHg (P=0.001) while diastolic blood pressure decreased to (82.2±11.1)mmHg (P=0.002). Postsurgical average blood cortisol concentration decreased to (10.2±4.0)μg/dl (P<0.01), while urine cortisol concentration decreased to (106.6±43.4)μg/24h(P<0.01). Average ACTH concentration increased to (12.6±4.1)pg/ml(P=0.005). Recurrent patients had higher preoperative blood and urine cortisol concentration(24.7±8.2)μg/dl(P=0.046), (522.8±234.2)μg/24h(P=0.028), and all of them underwent contralateral adrenalectomy. Conclusions Unilateral adrenalectomy is safe and effective for treatment of PBMAH while part of patients biochemically relapsed. Subclinical patients were observed no recurrent cases after surgery. Recurrent patients have higher preoperative blood and urine cortisol levels and should undertake contralateral adrenalectomy and supplement corticosteroids for whole life.